Slip and Fall Accidents at Work: Understanding Workers’ Compensation and Third-Party Claims

January 29, 2026

Slip and fall accidents remain one of the most common causes of workplace injuries, particularly during winter months when ice, snow, and wet conditions are present. While many people assume these incidents are handled exclusively through workers’ compensation, the legal analysis is often more nuanced. In some cases, an injured worker may have both a workers’ compensation claim and a separate third-party personal injury claim, depending on how and where the fall occurred.

Understanding the distinction can affect the benefits available and the long-term financial impact of an injury.

When a Slip and Fall Is Covered by Workers’ Compensation

In Delaware, workers’ compensation generally applies when an employee is injured in the course and scope of employment. This includes many slip and fall scenarios, such as falls caused by icy walkways, wet floors, or poorly maintained surfaces at a job site.

Workers’ compensation benefits may include:

• Payment of reasonable and necessary medical expenses

• Partial wage replacement during periods of disability

• Compensation for permanent impairment, if applicable

Fault is not a factor in determining eligibility. An injured worker does not need to prove that the employer acted negligently to receive benefits. However, workers’ compensation is typically the exclusive remedy against an employer, meaning employees generally cannot sue their employer directly for negligence related to the injury.

When a Third-Party Claim May Exist

A separate legal question arises when a slip and fall is caused by the actions, or inaction, of someone other than the employer. In those situations, an injured worker may have a third-party personal injury claim in addition to a workers’ compensation case.

Examples may include:

• Slipping on ice or a hazardous surface at a property owned or maintained by a third party

• Falls caused by negligent snow or ice removal performed by an outside contractor

• Dangerous conditions at a shared worksite not controlled by the employer

Unlike workers’ compensation claims, third-party claims are based on negligence. The injured person must show that the responsible party owed a duty of care, breached that duty, and caused the injury. If successful, damages may extend beyond medical bills and lost wages to include pain and suffering.

Delaware courts have long recognized the right of injured employees to pursue third-party claims when liability rests outside the employment relationship. 

Why Documenting the Hazard Matters

One issue that frequently complicates slip and fall claims — especially those involving ice or snow — is the temporary nature of the hazard. Conditions can change quickly as ice melts, snow is removed, or surfaces dry.

Documenting the scene as soon as possible can be critical. When it is safe to do so, injured individuals should consider:

• Taking photographs or video of the hazardous condition

• Capturing wide-angle views that show location and context

• Noting the date, time, and weather conditions

This type of evidence can play an important role in determining whether a property owner or third party had notice of the condition and a reasonable opportunity to address it.

Overlapping Claims and Subrogation Issues

When both workers’ compensation benefits and a third-party claim are involved, additional legal considerations arise. Under Delaware law, an employer or its workers’ compensation carrier may have a right of subrogation, allowing them to recover certain benefits paid if the injured worker later obtains a third-party settlement or verdict.

These issues require careful coordination to ensure compliance with statutory requirements while preserving the injured person’s rights under both systems.

Related Information on Slip and Fall Injuries

For a broader discussion of immediate steps to consider after a slip and fall, including medical and reporting considerations, see our related article: Five Things to Do After a Slip and Fall Accident

Final Thoughts

Slip and fall accidents at work can raise complex legal questions that go beyond a single benefits system. Determining whether an injury is limited to workers’ compensation or may also involve third-party liability depends on the facts surrounding the hazard, property control, and the parties involved.

Understanding these distinctions early — and preserving evidence while conditions still exist — can be an important step in evaluating potential legal options.

Fault is not a factor in determining eligibility. An injured worker does not need to prove that the employer acted negligently to receive benefits. However, workers’ compensation is typically the exclusive remedy against an employer, meaning employees generally cannot sue their employer directly for negligence related to the injury.